Plastic Surgery and Effect On Society †Essay

Plastic Surgery and Effect On Society – Essay Free Online Research Papers Plastic Surgery and Effect On Society Essay In her essay â€Å"Cosmetic surgery: Paying for your beauty,† Debra Gimlin concludes that â€Å"women who undergo plastic surgery help to reproduce some of the worst aspects of the beauty culture, not so much through the act of surgery itself as through their ideological efforts to restore appearance as an indicator of character† (Gimlin, 107). I believe that women, who decide upon plastic surgery, have a stronger character than those who stay unhappy with their appearance, although it is obvious to me that women who do get plastic surgery will most likely fight a constant battle with society. Throughout this paper I will be proving my thesis along with discussing what Gimlin means by the above quote. I will compare Gimlin’s essay to Lisa Carver’s article â€Å"Surrender the Pink,† in terms of whether or not the vagina is also an indicator of character, along with discussing the complicating factors that such a comparison between the types of surgery Gimlin discusses and the types Carver discusses. In Gimlin’s essay she points out a group of women who seem to believe that their culture is judging their outer appearances. These women responded to the judgment, with plastic surgery. It was clear that the women interviewed by Gimlin all had plastic surgery to correct a perceived flaw, and not to please anyone else. In the quote used in the before paragraph, Gimlin seems to be critical, not of the women who get plastic surgery, but of our culture that emphasizes what a beautiful person is. I believe what Gimlin means by â€Å"appearance as an indicator of character† (107) is that this is what she believes women use to judge themselves. Instead of looking at their values and beliefs, they think that others focus on their appearance above and before their character. She is saying that women who give in to plastic surgery to correct a self perceived abnormality are allowing our society to judge them based on super models on magazine covers or billboards. These women are forgetting that appearance is not an indicator of character, but that their character might be questioned after undergoing plastic surgery. Gimlin states, â€Å"Simply put, if plastic surgery were a successful method for constructing identity, these women would argue that the surgically altered body†¦ rather than body work that has proved unsuccessful at shaping the body or establishing the self†¦ serves to symbolize identity† (Gimlin, 106). This quote is very similar to the above quote. It is easier for w omen to connect their identity to a surgically altered body, than a body, which will not look how they want it to, no matter how much work they put into it. Although in the quote, I am also given the feeling that women who have had plastic surgery still cannot completely connect their identity to their new body. I believe that women need to learn to love themselves on the inside, before they change their outside. If they do not love themselves before the surgery, chances are they will not feel complete after the surgery. Women want to feel that they can identify themselves as being beautiful, and by turning to plastic surgery after much hard work has not paid off, they can feel better about themselves. Carver’s essay focuses exclusively on vaginal cosmetic surgery, and how women feel about their own genitals. â€Å"My vagina is like an emotion†¦ something other can see and judge, but that I can’t really look at clearly† (Carver, 1). I believe that female genitals are a more sensitive subject to most women that other parts of the body. What Carver is saying is that women have insecurities about almost every part of their bodies, but when it comes to their vagina the fears are much bigger. This is because the vagina is not seen everyday, only you get to choose who can look at it and every women wants to feel normal. Since these women do not know what normal is, except from what they have seen in Playboy, many women feel insecure about their genitals. In Gimlin’s essay the women tried to make it clear that they didn’t necessarily feel judged by others about their appearance flaw, but they judged themselves in Carver’s essay it is ma de clear that women’s genitals are being judged both by themselves and by others. Carver says, â€Å"Do some people go around saying these things about vaginas? (I checked in with my male friend afterwards, and discovered that indeed, terms like ‘roast beef sandwich’ or ‘the hanging garden’ are used by certain men to describe long lips)† (Carver, 2). I do not believe that the vagina is an indicator of character, just as I do not believe that other body parts are indicators of character, but it is easy to see from the quote above, why women might be insecure about their genitals, when some men make rude comments about them. A person’s character does not come from any body part, it comes from their inner feelings, emotions, and beliefs. Since Carver described her vagina as an emotion, one might argue that it does stand for character. But to me, Carver means that women have definite emotions around their vaginas, and if they look â₠¬Å"normal† in societies standards. In one of Gimlin’s interviews that she documented in her essay, a woman named Ann Marie says that just because she turned to plastic surgery, it does not mean she is a bad and/or vain person. To her, she did not want her personal character to be judged upon her decision to get plastic surgery. In her case she worked hard to keep her body looking young, and when the skin on her face would not tighten, but the rest of her body looked as good as it did thirty years before, she got a facelift. This made her feel better about her outer appearance. When you compare this case to a case of vaginal plastic surgery in Carver’s essay, the women seem to have similar views on what is a good reason to undergo plastic surgery. In and interview Carver had with a woman who had vaginal plastic surgery the woman said, â€Å"I felt droopy and funny looking,† one mother of two told me. â€Å"No one complained, but I was inhibited. Now I feel fabulous! I look like a playboy centerfold† (Carver, 2). No matter what kind of plastic surgery is being done, women seem to make it clear, in both readings, that plastic surgery makes them feel better about themselves and that is what’s important. Gimlin states, â€Å"Second, plastic surgery requires a defense. Much like the women I studied in the aerobic classes, those who underwent plastic surgery are working hard to justify themselves† (Gimlin, 107). I believe that women, who make choices in order to feel more comfortable with their appearance, have a stronger inner character and will, than women who stay miserable with their appearances. In both Ann Marie’s case and the mother of two’s case, these women have gotten rid of their beliefs that they do not look as good as other with plastic surgery, but they both have to defend there solution of plastic surgery. To me, women who feel it necessary to get plastic surgery just cannot win in society. Either they don’t feel their appearance is suitable for their culture, or they have to defend their character when trying to do something about their appearance. There are a couple important factors that can complicate the comparison between the types of surgery Gimlin discusses and the types of surgery Carver discusses. The main and most obvious factor is that the surgeries described by Gimlin, were to improve the appearance of women, but they were surgeries that can be see by any person, any time. The women in Gimlin’s essay care more about how they look, to themselves and others, when they are fully clothed. In Carver’s article, these women had surgery to make a private part of their bodies look better. It is clear that these women are more concerned with how they look to a certain, specific person or a set of people. In each of these readings the women were striving to change something about themselves that they think is abnormal, but the difference is that the surgeries discussed in Gimlin’s essay are more common and noticeable than the surgeries in Carver’s article. Another factor that was mentioned in Carver’s essay, but not Gimlin’s was the topic of power. Carver says, He (Dr. Matlock) shines a bright, hot light between your legs and offers you power over a part of yourself you don’t understand. We could by harnessing his â€Å"laserscopy† machine, control our vaginas. That’s the snake oil he’s offering. In the hour and a half I spent with him, he never mentioned men. It was power he was selling me. (Carver, 6) Carver brings up the issue of having power over what you want your vagina to look like. Gimlin never mentions having power or â€Å"playing God.† In the cases Gimlin describes, the doctor has the right to pick and chose his patients. If he does not think that they should receive the surgery, he can deny them of that. In Carver’s article, each of the doctors she visited attempted to sell her the surgery. She mentioned that when looking at the before and after pictures the before pictures looked fine to her. The last doctor she had seen took the approach above and beyond by selling her the power of having the choice of what her vagina looks like. I believe that this is an oversight on Gimlin’s part because she did not find out how other doctors go about choosing their patients. She also made the doctor that she was working with aware that she was writing an article about him and his patients, therefore he was not going to say that he tries to sell his â€Å"work.† Because Carver went undercover for her article, she ended-up getting the more truthful side of plastic surgery. After careful reading and analyzing both of these articles, I can conclude that for some women plastic surgery is the way to go. Gimlin writes, â€Å"Plastic surgery becomes for them not an act of deception but an attempt to align body with self† (Gimlin, 102). There are obviously some pro and cons to plastic surgery, as there are with many other large decisions women make in their lives. But in my opinion, if getting the surgery helps the woman gain confidence without losing her character and beliefs, then more power to her. Research Papers on Plastic Surgery and Effect On Society - EssayThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraResearch Process Part OneHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionGenetic Engineering

Latan and Darleys cognitive model Essays

Latan and Darleys cognitive model Essays Latan and Darleys cognitive model Paper Latan and Darleys cognitive model Paper According to Piliavin, there are two major influences on Bystander intervention, the first is arousal, the response to the need or distress of others; this is the basic motivational construct. This component suggests that the bystander feels discomfort and seeks to reduce this by intervention. This component differs from Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darleys model as it moves away from cognitive processes. The second component, cost-reward, is similar to the decision model as it introduces cognition. In this section the Bystander determines the costs and rewards of intervening or remaining uninvolved. This is similar to stage 3 in the decision model whereby the Bystander decides whether to assume personal responsibility. The idea that the Bystander will choose the response that most rapidly reduces the discomfort produced by arousal is supported by Dovidio et al. 1991. (Gross 2001) Another factor in explaining why bystanders choose not to intervene that can be applied to both theories is the cost of time. This was shown in a content analysis of answers given in response to five written traffic accident scenarios (Bierhoff et al. 1987) (Montada Bierhoff 1991). People who have demanding lives find waiting frustrating, this is why the willingness to sacrifice time for a person in need can be seen as generous (time is money: Bierhoff Klein, 1988) (Gross 2001). The most frequently mentioned motives for helping were; enhancement of self esteem and moral obligation. These motives are clearly demonstrated in Piliavins model within the cost-reward component. One fundamental difference between Piliavin et al.s (1969, 1981) Arousal-Cost-Reward model and Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darleys (1970) Cognitive model is the structure. Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darley focused on a stage-by-stage procedure to determine whether help would be given; this model suggests that bystander intervention would not occur unless all five stages are completed. However, Piliavin et al. focused specifically on two main components to explain bystander behaviour. A similarity between the structures is the cause and effect relationship, in both the cognitive and the arousal-cost-reward model the preceding stages/components affected the outcome and therefore determined whether intervention occurred. One theory that connects both Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darleys Cognitive model and Piliavin et al.s Arousal-Cost-Reward model is Sherifs (1935) Autokinetic Paradigm; a study in which Sherif used this optical illusion to determine participants reactions when asked to say how far the light was moving. Results showed that 100% of participants changed their answers when put in groups with confederates. This, it has been suggested, is similar to the nature of an emergency as both situations involve uncertainty, ambiguity and a lack of structure in terms of a proper basis for judgement or action. Therefore it could be assumed that in both cases the individual will look to others for guidance on how to think and act. This has been shown in Latan and Rodins (1969) experiment (Latan Nida 1981) and also in the case study of Kitty Genovese case (1964) (Gross 2001). Research has found that not only does the influence of others determine Bystander Behaviour; gender is also seen to have an effect on Bystander intervention. In terms of the arousal-cost component of Piliavins model, research has suggested that women help only certain people in certain ways (Eagly Crowley 1986). This could help to explain why some bystanders experience higher levels of arousal than others. The idea of gender could also be applied to Latan and Darleys cognitive model within the final stage in that women may feel more competent in some situations and therefore are more likely to intervene then men. In conclusion, Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darleys (1970) Cognitive model and Piliavin et al.s Arousal-Cost-Reward model have many similarities between them. They both attempt to explain why bystanders intervene in an emergency by using cognitive processes; they also address the possibility of social influences affecting bystander intervention. However a fundamental difference between them is in the cost-reward component of Piliavins model as it raises the issue of personal gains or costs from intervening whereas Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darley only address this briefly within stage three of the decision model. Despite these similar and contrasting ideas both theories have had a huge impact on social psychology and continue to generate research. References: Cardwell, M., Clark, L., Meldrum C. (2001). Psychology for A2 Level. p64. Corsini, R.J. (1999) The Dictionary of Psychology. p133. Eagly, A and Crowley, M. (1986). Gender and Helping Behaviour: A meta analysis review of the social psychology literature. Psychological Bulletin, vol 100, no 3, p284. Gross, R. (2001). Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour (Fourth Edition). pp434-438.

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Global Warming - Essay Example I tend to conquer with the Global Warming High Priest, Al Gore, that global warming has emerged a moral issue of interest; even if it is always challenging to legislate morality. Every human can in one way or another contribute to global warming; individually or collectively through the use of industries and the industrial products such as fuel. The major issue in the expected kind of morality involves the attainment of the universally accepted moral orders and values to govern the phenomenon of Global Warming. Amicable self-reflection concerning Global Warming, which seems controversial, can help us shift the so regarded - the accepted code of behavior, to a considerably just as well as a fair conclusion which benefits the universal (common) good. The loudest voice concerning morality emerges from people of belief (faith). To achieve a beneficial moral standard, everyone should strive to see an inspired social change concerning Global Warming. Concerning the latest science over Global Warming, it is paramount to focus on the establishment of a balance between the common good and self-interest. Entities such as industries should adopt high morals, especially while disposing of industrial gases which deplete the Ozone layer. They can choose to invest on the further utilization of industrial gases instead of releasing them to the contextual atmosphere. Dilemmas surrounding Global Warming: Industries have to dispose of industrial gases but this has a direct impact on the Ozone layer thus contributing towards global warming.

Strategic Management - Staples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Management - Staples - Essay Example The company’s financials of 2010 reveal a disappointing result with only about 1.1% increase and sales accounting to $24.55billions. Stock prices of Staples fell by 7% in 2010. Staples end its financial year in January like most retailers and it was revealed that its quarterly net income for 2011 dropped by 28% and revenues slipped to 3.8%. Further, office supplies tend to represents about 50% of its revenue and business machines represent next 30% while the remaining revenues are derived from office furniture and computers. Going back to its history, Staples was founded in 1985 by Thomas G. Stemberg and Leo Kahn and a year later they opened its first store. The original mission of Staples was to slash the costs, eliminate hassles of running an office and to make it easy for the customers to buy office products. In a way Staples was counted among the top office product companies (Grewal, 2008, p.459). SWOT Analysis Strength: Staples is considered to be the largest office Suppl ies Company Practices world class supply chain activities, extensive network of its retail stores along with strong relationship with its customers Strong marketing exposures leading the company to successfully create and embed into popular culture such as â€Å"Yeah, we’ve got that† and many more. ... opportunity which Staples should utilize and apply to its business model in order to stay ahead of its competitors and create a stable market share Strategic acquisitions will help the company in boosting its sales and enhancing its brand value Threats Intense competition from other brands which have created a brand name and image and provides Staples with tough competition Economic slowdown can also be treated as a threat as it might lead to low sales and revenue for the company New entrants into the sector pose a threat for Staples New Vision & Mission The new vision for the company will be to provide its customers with best experience both in offline and online modes of shopping and thus create a benchmark for itself, to help the company grow in the long run with clear, easy to follow, secure payment methods along with quick and fast delivery. This vision would be appropriate in the current situation because Staples is expanding its business into the online sector and deriving a v ision statement which showcases that it is into online retailing, will further enhance the brand value and also put a list of its goals in the statement. The new vision states that the company not only wants to become the best online site, but also offer a list suggesting ways in which they would operate. The current mission statement for Staples will be to work for the betterment of the people and the society and create a global presence. External Assessments Economic forces In general, the demand for office products is highly correlated with measures such as white collar employment, national GDP, spending of small sized businesses. In the sluggish economy, businesses and consumers tend to cut back on spending in order to save money and purchase few suppliers affecting the sale of Staples

Ceo Fiat & Chrysler Analysis Essay Example for Free

Ceo Fiat Chrysler Analysis Essay Sergio Marchionne is well known for taking over struggling car companies and turning them around. His most recent endeavor was becoming the CEO of Fiat and Chrysler. His business idol, Steve Jobs, who much like himself, took a struggling computer company and turned it into a company that continues to change the way we live and communicate today. It is no surprise that Sergio’s idol is a transformational leader who had similar goals and charisma. Micromanagement One of Sergio’s early efforts was to transform the company from one that made large gas guzzling vehicles to one that made more energy efficient ones. He wanted to work closely with the engineers and managers that made the operational decisions and organizational design issues (DubBrin, 2013). Someone at his level typically makes more of the strategic decisions and relies more upon his management staff to handle the day-to-day operations and direct them as needed. Many managers aren’t able to easily let go of how they used to operate (Ashkenas, 2012). It seems that Sergio is trying to stay connected with the decisions and the people in his new role in a similar many he would have if he was still and manager and not the CEO. It also appears that he is afraid of losing touch with the operations of the organization. Ashkenas says that many in his position feel that they become more isolated in their higher up position so they compensate and satisfy their anxiety by attempting to stay as connected as much as possible (Ashkenas, 2012). When Sergio’s need for more direct contact and interaction unites with his old tendenci es to manage, then he becomes more of a micromanager whether he realizes it or not. Sergio is a very task oriented leader. DuBrin lists out 2 characteristics of a task oriented leader that fit Sergio well. Sergio is good at setting the direction of Fiat and Chrysler new mission to make more fuel efficient cars. He also provides a lot of hands-on guidance and feedback. When Sergio said that he wanted to work closely with the people making the day-to-day decisions, one of his executives was quoted saying â€Å"it shows me that he is going to be very hands-on† (DuBrin, 2013). His desire to remain in close contact with the operations can help enhance his technical knowledge, which Dubrin says is a very important leadership characteristic, however too much guidance and closely tied decision making is a sign of micromanagement. Concerns with door handle Sergio was very concerned about the door handle that was not water-tight. Some leaders wouldn’t want to waste time and money trying to fix something that could be easily ignored. In the early part of his career, Sergio said that this issue â€Å"would have probably been swept under the carpet,† but not anymore (DuBrin, 2013). Take a minute to think about Sergio’s idol, Steve Jobs. What made his company and his legacy into something that will be talked about and studied for years? It was not only his charisma and vision, but his attention to detail and his unwillingness to compromise until his products reached perfection. Jobs was quoted in a Smithsonian Magazine article saying â€Å"it takes a lot of hard work to make something simple, to truly understand the underlying challenges and come up with elegant solutions,† (Isaacson, 2012). It makes sense that Sergio would be as concerned about the door handle as he was. His idol was someone who wouldn’t stop until perfection was reached and it seemed like he tried to emulate Job’s management style. This may solidify as discussed above that he is more of a micromanager than he realizes. Looking at all of the history and success that Job’s brought to Apple, which almost went bankrupt (Shontell, 2011), how could you blame Sergio for being so concerned with Fiat’s and Chrysler’s design? Dual Citizenship As the CEO of 2 companies in 2 different countries, being a dual citizen of both countries has its benefits. By being a citizen of Italy Sergio has a unique opportunity as a businessman. He has better access to financial and investment opportunities in Italy that may benefit both countries which would otherwise be difficult to get for non-citizens. By being a citizen of a European Union country, Sergio is able to work or live anywhere in the European Union which expands his options when it comes to doing business and possibly trying to grow his business (italiandualcitizenship.com, 2013). He can travel between Canada and Italy with ease without having to get a work visa, so if a need arises where he need to quickly travel to either company, he can do so without any issues. As a citizen of each country, Sergio can identify himself with the people of Canada and Italy and be better able to fit in with the culture. Levi talks about a one key thing about teams that relates well with Sergio’s situation, group norms. Group norms help establish the group’s values, establish a common ground for operating, define appropriate behavior and create a distinct identity (Levi, 2011). Think of each country and business as a team or group. As a member of each group, Sergio would most likely have a better understanding of each country’s and businesses norms so he could better fit in as part of the team rather than an outsider. He may better be able to motivate his teams differently since they’re each part of different countries and get more productivity out of them. Conclusion Sergio has a unique opportunity by being the CEO of 2 different companies in 2 different countries. He invests much of himself in both Chrysler and Fiat. He is so concerned with his company’s day-to-day operations that he may miss out on most effectively managing the strategic initiatives between both companies. He is also concerned with both company’s products and performance the way his business idol was, Steve Jobs, that he risks being seen by many as a micromanager or micro-CEO which may be counter-productive. As a citizen of both Canada and Italy where both companies are located, Sergio is better able to take advantage of the ease of travel between counties, and has better access to financing and investment opportunities in each country that could benefit both Chrysler and Fiat. His dual citizenship may also give him a better understanding of the social norms in both countries so he can better manage and fit in within each company or team. Sergio has a lot of good qualities that benefit his position as CEO of 2 different companies. While he cares a lot about the product, quality and day-to-day operations, he needs to focus more on the strategic initiatives especially if he plans on integrating business operations between Fiat and Chrysler. He also has the benefit of being a citizen of both Italy and Canada so he can understand and fit in with the norms of each country, but being seen as a micromanager could hinder productivity and respect from his teams. Overall Sergio has great qualities and is positioned well to run both companies. As long as he doesn’t lose sight of the bigger picture, he will probably achieve what he set out to achieve. References DuBrin, A. (2013). Leadership research, findings, practice, and skills. (7th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Levi, D. (2011). Group dynamics for teams. U.S.A: Sage Publications Inc. Ashkenas, R. (2012, 11 19). Why no one admits to micromanaging. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/ronashkenas/2012/11/19/why-no-one-admits-to-micro-managing/ Isaacson, W. (2012, September). How Steve Jobs love of simplicity fueled a design revolution . Retrieved from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/How-Steve-Jobs-Love-of-Simplicity-Fueled-A-Design-Revolution-166251016.html Shontell, A. (2011, January 19). The amazing story of how Steve Jobs took apple from near bankruptcy to billions in 13 years . Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/how-steve-jobs-took-apple-from-near-bankruptcy-to-billions-in-13-years-2011-1 Italian American Citizenship. (2013). Italian dual citizenship. Retrieved from http://www.italianamericancitizenship.com/Benefits.html http://www.italiandualcitizenship.com/id50.htm

Contrasting Feelings in Perraults Cinderella and Grimms Aschenputtle

Charles Perrault's "Cinderella" and Wilhelm and Jacob Grimms' "Aschenputtel" both feature a mistreated, yet kind heroine who, despite overwhelming obstacles, attends a ball and marries a prince. However, the similarities between these two versions of the fairy tale end here. While Perrault's version emphasizes the moral and materialistic concerns of his middle-class audience, Grimms' focus is on the harsh realities of life associated with the peasant culture. Perrault immediately connects with the materialistic values of his middle-class audience as he describes in detail the pampered lifestyle of Cinderella's step-sisters who "lay in rooms with inlaid floors upon beds of the newest fashion" (Classics, 17). Once invited to the ball, the step-sisters contemplate what they will wear. One decides on her "red velvet suit with French trimmings", while the other chooses to accentuate her look with a "diamond stomacher" (Classics, 18). While Perrault describes in detail the pampered lifestyle of this bourgeoisie family, he says much less about the appearance of the misfortunate Cinderella. While Cinderella's clothing is of little interest to Perrault's audience, her "rare goodness and sweetness of temper" (Classics, 17) are esteemed values desired by all the middle-class. When called upon to arrange the hair of her unkind step-sisters for the ball, we are told that "anyone but Cinderella would have dressed their hair awry, but she was good-natured, and arranged it perfectly well" (Classics, 18). After arriving at the ball with the help of a fairy godmother, and winning the affection of the desirable prince, Cinderella "sat down with her sisters showing them a thousand civilities"(Classics, 20). Her rare goodness ... ...igeons pluck out her step-sisters' eyes to repay them for all the evil they brought upon her. Although the heroines in "Aschenputtle" and "Cinderella" both manage to attend the ball and marry the prince despite mistreatment and unreasonable demands, the two versions of the popular fairy tale leave the reader with contrasting feelings. These contrasts can be understood when considering the writers' audiences. The violence and references to nature found in "Aschenputtle" are commonplace in the peasant culture of which the Grimms were fascinated, while the focus on the pampered lifestyle of the bourgeoisie family, and the kindness of Cinderella are aspects Perrault's middle-class audience desires. REFERENCE Griffith, John W and Charles H. Frey. The Custom Edition of Classics of Children's Literature: Fourth Edition. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 1996.

Management 1st Year Assignment

Wakaberry Assignment Anthony Smit SN: 2011041007 Section A: Question 1 1. 1. ) a) Social and cultural forces from the macro-environment should be taken into account and a variable from the macro-environment that has influenced the Wakaberry business is the Healthier Lifestyle variable. People today are more health conscious than ever. This has influenced Wakaberry to create yoghurt that is 98% fat free. The impact of this variable is shown from this excerpt in the case study: â€Å"Wakaberry offers 100% REAL frozen yogurt, which is 98% fat free; perfect for health-conscious consumers. † 1. ) b) Another macro-environment variable that has influenced the Wakaberry business is that of the Technological Environment. Technology is improving constantly and new products and services are born at an astounding rate. Wakaberry’s usage of the technologies from Foshan Taike Refrigerant Technology Company shows this. This technology is a unique self-service machine in every store. T he impact of this variable is shown from this excerpt in the case study: â€Å"Wakaberry has developed a competitive advantage by strategically forming an alliance with Foshan Taike Refrigerant Technology Co. o incorporate the unique self-service machinery in all stores. † 1. 2) a) An element of the market environment that has influenced Wakaberry is the competition between product forms. They have given consumers the ability to customize their products to their liking giving them the power over their product form. This influence from the market environment forced them to use something original to increase their competitive advantage.The impact of this variable is shown from this excerpt in the case study: â€Å"These machines allow consumers to be in full control of their own creations and providing the company with an opportunity to cater to consumer’s needs, thereby creating a unique store experience. † 1. 2) b) Another element from the market environment tha t influenced Wakaberry is the competition between the needs of consumers. This completion of needs of consumers has led Wakaberry to aggressively promote their product where they are situated trying to influence consumers to buy their product.The impact of this variable is shown from this excerpt in the case study: â€Å"The business has been very creative in tempting consumers to try the Wakaberry flavours, by offering free samples and product pamphlets outside various stores and at special events. In addition, to encourage purchases, first-time customers are provided with a 10 % discount†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2) Wakaberry operates in a Monopolistic competition market structure. There are many sellers, many buyers and no entry barriers but it is monopolistic and not perfect because the basic product is set – frozen yoghurt.The reason this market structure was chosen is because there are many firms with a small proportion of the market share with slightly differentiated products. Th e following excerpt from the case study prove this: â€Å"In order to stand out amongst the many yogurt and ice-cream providers in the industry, including the likes of Fresko, Marcel’s, Nanci’s and Yogurtiamo†(large market)†¦ â€Å"In addition, the business offers a wide variety of toppings and flavours, at an appealing price†. This links to differentiation) 3) a) The first skill I think that would be required for the tasks is Interpersonal skills. This refers to the person’s ability to communicate with, understand and motivate others and is thus of paramount importance for sufficiently completing this task set out in the case study: â€Å"Interact with staff members and Bloemfontein customers, ensuring that all involved with Wakaberry feel part and parcel of the ‘Waka’ family. b) The second skill I think that would be required is technical skills. This refers having knowledge of the matter at hand. In this case it could be knowl edge of the product and all or the relevant labour positions on the floor (cashier, store assistant, brand promoter). This skill would thus be important to effectively completing the following task set out in the case study: â€Å"Training of the new store staff including; cashiers, store assistants and brand promoters. †

English for Specific Purposes

2 The development of ESP The best laid schemes o' mice and men Gang aft a-gley. (Robert Burns) From its early beginnings in the 1960s ESP has undergone three main phases of development. It is now in a fourth phase with a fifth phase starting to emerge. We shall describe each of the five phases in greater detail in later chapters, but it will provide a useful perspective to give a brief summary here. It should be pointed out first of all that ESP is not a monolithic universal phenomenon.ESP has developed at different speeds in different countries, and examples of all the approaches we shall describe can be found operating somewhere in the world at the present time. Our summary must, therefore, be very general in its focus. It will be noticeable in the following overview that one area of activity has been particularly important in the development of ESP. This is the area usually known as EST (English for Science and Technology). Swales (1985) in fact uses the development of EST to illu strate the development of ESP in general: ‘With one or two exceptions†¦English for Science and Technology has always set and continues to set the trend in theoretical discussion, in ways of analysing language, and in the variety of actual teaching materials. ‘ We have not restricted our own illustrations to EST in this book, but we still need to acknowledge, as Swales does, the pre-eminent position of EST in the ESP story. 1. The concept of special language: register analysis This stage took place mainly in the 1960s and early 1970s and was associated in particular with the work of Peter Strevens (Haliiday, Mcintosh and Strevens, 1964), Jack Ewer (Ewer and Latorre, 1969) and John Swales (1971).Operating on the basic principle that the English of, say, Electrical Engineering constituted a specific register different from that of, say, Biology or of General English, the aim of the analysis was to identify the grammatical and lexical features of these registers Teachin g materials then took these linguistic features as their syllabus A good example of such a syllabus is that of A Course in Basic Scientific-English by Ewer and Latorre (1969) (see below p. 26). In fact, as Ewer and Latorre's syllabus shows, egister analysis revealed that there was very little that was distinctive in the sentence grammar of Scientific English beyond a tendency to favour particular forms such as the present simple tense, the passive voice and nominal compounds. It did not, for example, reveal any forms that were not found in General English. But we must be wary of making unfair criticism. Although there was an academic interest in the nature of registers of English per se, the main motive behind register analyses such as Ewer and Latorre's was the pedagogic one of making the ESP course more relevant to learners' needs.The aim was to produce a syllabus which gave high priority to the language forms students would meet in their Science studies and in turn would give low priority to forms they would not meet, Ewer and Hughes-Davies (1971), for example, compared the language of the texts their Science students had to read with the language of some widely used school textbooks. They found that the school textbooks neglected some of the language forms commonly found in Science texts, for example, compound nouns, passives, conditionals, anomalous finites (i. e. mod-.! verbs).Their conclusion was that the ESP course should, therefore, give precedence to these forms. 2. Beyond the sentence: rhetorical or discourse or analysis There were, as we shall see, serious flaws in the register analysis-based syllabus, but, as it happened, register analysis as a research procedure was rapidly overtaken by developments in the world of linguistics. Whereas in the first stage of its development, ESP had focussed on language at the sentence level, the second phase of development shifted attention to the level above the sentence, as ESP became closely involved with the emerging field of discourse or rhetorical analysis.The leading lights in this movement were Henry Widdowson in P

Example Projectile Motion Lab Report Essays

Example Projectile Motion Lab Report Essays Example Projectile Motion Lab Report Essay Example Projectile Motion Lab Report Essay Parabolic gesture has been studied for a long clip dating all the manner back to the clip in which Galileo was carry oning experiments. In this lab study. the scope a foam disc launcher shooting was tested by changing the angle of flight followed by mensurating the scope. The scope that the froth disc went was measured in centimetres and multiple shootings were taken at each angle and so averaged. Galileo was the first individual who accurately described projectile gesture. Because of the drawings of Niccolo Tartaglia. Galileo realized that a missile followed a curved way which is called a parabola. 1 It was subsequently found out by Galileo that the parabola has an exact mathematical form. Besides. he stated that a missile was acted upon by two forces. perpendicular and horizontal. The perpendicular force was from gravitation. which pulled it to Earth at 9. 8 m/s. That is why a parabola is a precise mathematical equation. 2 Observations were conducted before the experiment was started. First. observations were made on two racquetballs. one being pushed from a tabular array. and another being dropped vertically to the floor. Equally shortly as the one pushed across the tabular array went off the border. the other was dropped vertically. They both hit the land at the same clip. because gravity’s force on them was the same. A racquetball was besides observed by fliping it with the same speed at different angles between two people. At a 0? angle. it went horizontally until the terminal of its flight when it lost its impulse and started to swerve toward the land. In fact. even the froth discs were observed. Since there was no air current in the research lab. it made for a stable environment. But. when the disc was launched at a 45? angle. its rotary motion made it swerve backwards. As good. in this experiment an on-line game. The Balloon Game . was played where the consequence of angle and speed were studied in footings of how they affected parabolic gesture. 3 In this game. it was observed that the scope of the missile increased up to 45 grades but so decreased beyond 45 grades. with 45 grades being optimum. Joselyn J. Todd. Example Lab. 9/12/2006 3 This experiment was started by utilizing some difficult plastic disc launchers and some lightweight froth discs. The disc launcher was set a metre of the land and was shot three times each at a 0? . 20? . 45? . 70? . and 90? angles. It was hypothesized that the greatest distance would be from a 0? angle. but the greatest distance came from when the launcher was shot at 45 grades. The norm of the three shooting distances was taken and was used to do a graph which made a parabolic arch on a graph. The distance that the froth discs went was measured in centimetres and was rounded to the nearest centimetre. Materials and Method Shooting Disc Gun Meter Stick Protractor Three phonograph record Tablet PC 1. Load a shot phonograph record gun with three phonograph records. 2. Put the metre stick on top of the land ( this is where the missiles will be fired from ) . 3. Put up the shot phonograph record gun so that it is on top of the metre stick. 4. With the protractor. step the grade that the hiting phonograph record gun is hiting from. 5. First set up the protractor at a zero grade angle ( indicating directly out ) . and so shoot the three phonograph record from this angle. 6. Measure the distance all three of the phonograph record traveled and happen the mean. Record this for the mean distance for a missile being shot at zero grades. 7. Repeat stairss # 5 and # 6. nevertheless each clip. vary the angle. The five angles that will be tested out in this process are: 0 grades. 20 grades. 45 grades. 70 grades. and 90 grades. 8. Make a tabular array and so chart this information utilizing Microsoft Excel. Joselyn J. Todd. Example Lab. 9/12/2006

Hurrah for the Index Card!

Hurrah for the Index Card! Hurrah for the Index Card! Hurrah for the Index Card! By Maeve Maddox If I were to make a list of the 10 greatest inventions of human history, index cards would be right there along with the alphabet and the stuff you put on the back of your pets neck to kill fleas. I dont know how Id get along with out them. Not counting their other household applications, index cards are the mainstay of my writing projects. Writing about language I keep a stack of index cards by my chair to make notes of language peculiarities I encounter in my reading or TV watching. This is a more useful method of note-taking than my former practice of recording such notes on the backs of envelopes or even in a dedicated notebook. The cards can then be separated into categories such as grammar, vocabulary, and the like. Novel planning I hate to outline, but I have learned that writing a novel requires outliningif not at the beginning, then at some point down the line. Using index cards makes the process more pleasant. Once you have your plot in mind, deal yourself a deck of index cards equal to the number of chapters. Using one card for each chapter, write a one sentence description of what happens in the chapter. As your novel progresses, you will almost certainly want to add or to rearrange chapters. Having your outline on index cards makes rearranging easy. Another set of cards can help you keep the characters and their identifying tags straight. You dont want to give Bruce Bigpecs piercing blue eyes in Chapter One and smouldering black eyes in Chapter Twenty. Record-keeping Something I hate more than outlining is keeping track of important records. I should have known better, but when I began acquiring WordPress accounts and GoDaddy domains, and doing things on line that require usernames and passwords, I wrote the information down in a little notebook next to my computer. Now its a big deal to find a password or an ID. This stuff is going onto index cards. Plenty of computer programs exist for doing the kinds of things Ive described here, but the fact remains that some of us require tactile re-enforcement. Its a psychological delight to be able to hold the stack of chapter cards in your hand and visualize the wonderful novel that is to come of them. And when the computer program crashes or is lost, that box of cards is still going to be there. Low-tech or not, the index card belongs in every writers toolbox. NOTE: We can thank American librarian and efficiency freak Melvil Dewey for the modern cardstock index card. Christened Melville, he dropped the inefficient letters. He experimented with spelling his surname Dui, but apparently that was too exotic to be practical. Heres a writer who shares my addiction to index cards: Lela Davidsons tribute to the index card And heres a brief bio of Melvil Dewey. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past"Replacement for" and "replacement of"1,462 Basic Plot Types

Predicting Child Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Predicting Child Abuse - Essay Example Predicting child abuse requires a multisided approach and more study is needed to establish causal relationships, though with proper and thorough evaluation of indicators and risk factors, as many as 75% of the child abuse that occurs within the first two years of birth may be identifiable at birth (Epstein, 2001). Risk factors that indicate increased incidence of abuse can be child factors, family factors, and social and environmental factors. (NCCANI, 2005) Family factors include poverty, substance abuse, history of domestic violence, and level of parental competency. Children who reside in a single parent home without the support of the absent parent are at greater risk than those that reside with two married parents (Bethea, 1999). Single parenting contributes to the likelihood that the child will be in a socio-economic disadvantaged situation which correlates to increased rates of abuse. Care must be taken when evaluating the effects of poverty on the risk factors for abuse. Outside influences associated with poverty may have a greater influence than the economic disadvantage itself. ... This may be directly related to the diminished mental capacity of the parent while intoxicated, or it may be a reflection of other factors. Parents who have previously been victims of child abuse have a greater risk of becoming a victimizer. This same set of parents also has an increased risk of alcohol and drug use. Substance dependency by the father may create negative attitudes toward the pregnancy and signal that the child is at greater risk (Epstein, 2001). Substance abuse is also correlated in homes that have a history of mental problems, inadequate parenting skills, and previous trauma. Research directly linking substance and alcohol abuse to child abuse is inconclusive and few studies have been undertaken to establish this link (NCCANI, 2005). However, when taken into context with other risk factors, it can be useful as an indication for risk. Other factors that signal an increased risk of abuse by the family are involvement with probation or jail, age of the mother, and number of small children in the home. Positive family factors that reduce the risk of abuse should also be evaluated. A stable home environment with two married parents, household rules, and prenatal education are indicators that reduce the risk of child abuse occurring in the home (WHO, 2006). When measuring risk it is important to consider the child's role in abuse. Younger children are more likely to experience neglect and physical abuse while older children are at greater risk for sexual abuse (NCCANI, 2005). Evaluation of the child's condition can also aid in predicting a situation that poses a greater risk for abuse. Premature birth, handicaps, attention disorders, and behavior problems correlate to an

Effects of Honey as a dietary supplement on improving athletic Research Paper

Effects of Honey as a dietary supplement on improving athletic performance - Research Paper Example Several studies have indicated that honey can serve as a better source of glucose for athletes. From a biochemical point of view the carbohydrate composition of honey has been associated with the positive effects of honey on endurance and athletic performance. Athletes are generally advised to consume slow-burning sugars as they help in providing a sustained release of energy over a period of time. In this regard honey which contains the monosaccharide fructose as one of its main sugars, releases it slowing into the blood stream thus providing sustained energy and maintaining body homeostasis (Anderson, Young and Prior). Apart from fructose honey also contains large amounts of glucose. Both glucose and fructose are both monosaccharides with different chemical and structural differences as glucose is an aldose sugar and fructose a ketose sugar. Both these sugars differ in their energy metabolism despite having a quick burning tendency. In the case of glucose, the rapidly metabolized s ugars are immediately absorbed into the blood stream which provides instant energy to the body. However, the absorption of the sugars is a slow process which helps in providing the body with a sustained supply of energy over a period of time. In addition, honey also contains several phytochemical constituents which also contribute to slower absorption of fructose. In addition to these principle sugars, honey also contains several oligosaccharides including disaccharides and trisaccharides which are also slow burning. Among the disaccharides, honey contains sucrose, maltose, trehalose and turanose. And the trisaccharides include melezitose and raffinose (Sun and Empie; Caron; Bogdanov). Previous studies however, have reported that ingestion of honey just before an atheletic performance does not contribute to any increase in energy levels as it takes time for the honey to digest and provide the required energy. In cases where